In Python, and many other programming languages, there is a concept called inheritance. This helps us write cleaner and more organized code by allowing new classes to use features from existing ones.

Imagine you have a class called Animal that has common features like eat() and sleep(). Now, you want to create classes called Dog and Cat.  Since dogs and cats are an animal, they should have the same basic features, but they might also have some unique features like bark() for dogs and meow() for cats.  Instead of writing the common features again, you can use inheritance.

Here's how it works:

• Superclass (or Base or Parent Class): This is the class with common features. In our case, Animal is the base class.
• Subclass (or Derived or Child Class): These classes inherit features from the base class and can have additional features. Dog and Cat are the derived classes.

Benefits of Inheritance

• Avoids Code Duplication: You don't have to write the same code again and again. By inheriting from Animal, the Dog and Cat classes automatically get eat() and sleep().
• Makes Code More Intuitive: It’s easier to understand the relationship between different classes. A dog and a cat are a type of animal, which makes sense in both real life and code.

How to Implement Inheritance

Let's look at some Python code to see this in action.

What’s Happening Here?

• class Dog(Animal): This line tells Python that Dog is inheriting from Animal.
• class Cat(Animal): This line tells Python that Cat is inheriting from Animal.
• Inherited Methods: my_dog can use eat() and sleep() from Animal without them being defined again in Dog. my_cat can use eat() and sleep() from Animal without them being defined again in Cat.
• Unique Methods: Dog has its own method bark(), which is not available in Animal. Cat has its own method meow(), which is not available in Animal.