- Python supports various data types, including numeric types (int, float, complex), text types (str), sequence types (list, tuple, range), mapping types (dict), set types (set, frozenset), Boolean types (bool), binary types (bytes, bytearray, memoryview), and NoneType.
- Numeric types in Python include integers (whole numbers without decimals), floats (numbers with decimals), and complex numbers (numbers with real and imaginary parts, denoted by 'j').
- You can check the type of any object in Python using the type() function and convert between types using int() and float()
- A sample Python program can handle input, perform arithmetic operations, and format output to calculate and display the sum and average of test scores.
- Python's random module allows generating random numbers, such as a random number between 1 and 6 using the randrange() function.
- In Python, strings can be enclosed in single (' ') or double (" ") quotation marks, and multi-line strings can be defined using triple quotes (""" or ''') for text that spans multiple lines.
- Slicing allows extraction of a substring using the syntax string[start:end:step], where indices can be positive or negative to count from the start or end of the string.
- String concatenation combines strings using the + operator, and spaces can be added within the quotation marks for separation.
- String formatting can be achieved using f-strings or the format() method, allowing the embedding of variables and expressions within strings.
- Booleans in Python represent truth values (True or False) and are used with comparison operators to evaluate expressions and make decisions.
- In Python, Booleans evaluate expressions and make decisions, with two possible values: True and False.
- Comparison operators like >, <, ==, !=, >=, and <= return Boolean values when comparing two values.
- Booleans are often used in control flow statements like if statements to determine which block of code to execute.
- The bool() function can evaluate any value and return True or False, which helps in checking the truthiness of values.
- Python logical operators (and, or, not) combine Boolean expressions, allowing complex conditional statements.
- Casting in Python involves converting a value from one type to another using functions like int(), float(), and str().
- Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %, **, //) perform basic mathematical operations, while comparison operators return Boolean results.
- Logical operators (and, or, not) are used to combine conditional statements, and bitwise operators perform bit-level operations on integers.
- Assignment operators (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=, **=, //=) assign values to variables and can perform operations simultaneously.
- Combining different types of operators in complex expressions and conditional statements helps control the program's flow effectively.