Goal: Grasp what the program is supposed to do and why

• Identify the issue: Start by asking: What problem are we trying to solve? Understand the situation that requires a software solution.
• Define objectives: Clarify what the program must achieve. Is it meant to calculate grades, track inventory, or process images?
• Consider end-users: Think about who will use the software—students, teachers, customers, etc.—and how it should help them.
• Desired outcomes: Envision the final result. What should the program do successfully when it works correctly?

(Example) If you're writing a grade calculator, the problem is that students want to know their average scores. The objective is to create a program that accepts scores and outputs a letter grade.